Forewarning of tikka disease in gujarat 427 table 2 simple correlation coefficient of tikka disease on groundnut at 1% level s. Inheritance of rust resistance in groundnut arachis hypogaea. Disease cycle the pathogen survives as uredospores on volunter groundnut plants. How to manage diseases of groundnut arachis hypogaea, tikka disease cercospora personata cercospora arachidicola, fungal stem rot sclerotium rolfsii, rust, root rot rhizoctonia bataticola. Disease management tamil nadu agricultural university. The spread is mainly through wind borne inoculum of uredospores. Introduction groundnut is the most important oilseed crop of india. Prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora spp. Pdf prevalence and incidence of tikka disease cercospora. Fresh groundnut leaves infected with tikka disease were collected from the green house as well as from the field. Aerobiological investigations were carried out for one season over groundnut arachis hypogea l. Biology reader page 17 of 19 the biology encyclopedia.
Reports on diseases caused by nematodes in groundnut are very few in india. To monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut areas of four major districts of pothwar region viz. View academics in groundnut tikka disease research papers on academia. It is a relatively wellstudied genus of fungus, but there are countless species not yet described, and there is. Jul 06, 20 reusable learning object rlo of groundnut from icrisat scientists. Introduction tikka disease of groundnut is a disease which also refers to leaf spot disease. They commonly attack the plants like groundnut and other legumes. It contains protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats etc.
All parts of the host plant above soil level are attacked by the disease. To assess prevalence and incidence of tikka disease, 997 farmers fields were visited. Tikka disease of groundnut is a disease which also refers to leaf spot disease. The symptoms appear in july and continue upto maturity of the plant. It occurs as two distinct types of leaf spot, namely, early leaf spot and late leaf spot. Control of tikka disease in groundnut the groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon disease severity. Before sowing treat the seed with thiram or carboxin 37. Tikka disease is the major disease of groundnut in india. Rainsplash and implements also help in dissemination. Surender kumar, shweta jaiswal, abhilasha a lal, amit kumar and ankur verma abstract leaf spots are the most serious diseases of groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Disease assessment 5 6 6 6 7 diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1. Experiments were carried out for studying the efficiency of leaf extracts of differents botanicals and culture filterates of bioagents for control of tikka diasease of groundnut. How to manage diseases of groundnut arachis hypogaea.
Tikka disease is a common fungal disease of groundnut. Management of tikka disease of groundnut by using different. In severe cases, the spots coalesce causing defoliation of the plants. Integrated disease management in groundnut agropedia. Most species of this genus cause plant diseases, and form leaf spots. Diseases of groundnut tikka leaf spots early leaf spot. Mycosphaerella berkeleyii symptoms the disease occurs on all above ground parts of the plant, more severely on the leaves. The uredospores also spread as contamination of seeds and pods. The use of leaf extracts of differents botanicals and boigagents was found to be effective. In uttar pradesh, the disease is locally known as chitwa or haldai. The first visible symptoms appear on the leaflets of lower leaves as dark spots which at a later stage, are surrounded by yellow rings. The parents, f 1s and f 2 populations were evaluated for rust resistance. The crosses were generated by crossing resistant genotypes viz. Tikka disease of groundnut my files file catalog alladis.
It occurs as well in almost all groundnutgrowing countries of the world. It is a relatively wellstudied genus of fungus, but there are countless species not yet described, and there is still much to learn about the bestknown of. The fungus also survives in infected plant debris in soil. Aug 11, 2015 introduction groundnut is the most important oilseed crop of india. At the seedling stage, the absorption of npk was very small, accounting for 5% of the total demand during the whole growth period.
As the disease is soilborne, proper crop rotation is important. Systematic position the fungus belongs to class deuteromycetes. In case of attack by cercosporidium personatum, the leaf spots are circular 16 mm dia. The groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon. Good weed control is helpful as dense weed growth encourages disease development. Small brown to chestnut dusty pustules appear on the lower surface of leaves.
Summer institute, nrcg icar 1983, junagadh india, p. Tikka is a major disease affecting groundnut and all its varieties in india. To monitor tikka or cercospora leaf spot disease of groundnut, surveys were carried out in the groundnut areas of four major districts of pothwar region. Lesions appear on the leaves, when the plants are atleast two months old. Determination of seed resistance to colonization by aspergillus flavus 9 10 10 11 mp 5. Rust puccinia arachidis symptoms the disease attacks all aerial parts of the plant. The disease caused by this fungus is the leaf spot disease, also known as tikka disease, of groundnut. Plant disease plant pathology one liners 5 agri exam. Diseases of groundnut 8 fungal diseases bacterial disease virus diseases nematode diseases 8 8 8 8 mp 1. Forewarning of incidence of tikka disease on groundnut and operational crop protection using weather information in gujarat r. A scientific breakthrough on the dna sequencing of the groundnut promises the development of improved groundnut varieties with enhanced traits such as increased pod and oil yield, drought and heat tolerance and greater disease resistance. Tikka and rust diseases can cause yield losses up to 70% mcdonald et al.
Cultural control of early leaf spot in groundnut grow tolerant varieties can be grown wherever early leaf spot is severe. Dark brown to almost black circular spots appear on leaves, petiole, and stem. The leaf spot or tikka disease cercospora arachidicola and cercosporidium personatum of groundnut arachis hypogaea l. The period between the first incidence of pathogen and first. Integrated pest management in groundnut arachis hypogaea. Due to its high nutritional value it is consumed and produce. Highest spore concentration was found in 9th week while onset of first symptom of disease was found in 12th week of the sampling. Groundnut cultivation practices peanut farming in india.
The leaf spots are also known as tikka disease incited by two species of fungus cercospora arachidicola and cercopora phaeoisariopsis personata. The major diseases of groundnut can be managed through a variety of methods like use of resistanttolerant cultivars, cultural practices, bi oc ont ro l ag en ts b io pe st ic id es, an d n ee. Growing moderately resistant cultivars like icgv 89104, icgv 91114 em, icgv 920920, icgv 92093 mm. The yield loss was calculated in the groundnut variety dhaka1 due to early and late leaf spot by.
Cercospora personata causes infections in the plants which belongs to the plants of the family of leguminosae. Introduction arachis hypogaea also known as groundnut or peanut is a legume plant of fabacea family with high nutritional values. The tikka disease is a serious disease occurring in areas where the groundnut crop is grown in india. Click to share on twitter opens in new window click to share on facebook opens in new window related. Clear disease symptoms were noted in the fields during the season. In recent advances in groundnut productivity research, proc. This is the most important fungal disease of groundnut.
Cultural control of tikka disease in groundnut agropedia. Losses due to this disease may go up to 1550% and 70%, if associated with rust puccinia arachidicola. The causal organism of tikka disease are the species of the genus cercospora namely cercospora arachidicola and cercospora personata. Integrated pest management in groundnut arachis hypogaea l. Station period n intensity tmax tmin rh1 rh2 1 ahmedabad 21 sep 1991 to 11 oct 1991 21 severe 0. Oct 15, 2019 cercospora is a genus of ascomycete fungi.
The spots appear on the host leaves when the plants are one or two months old. This disease is characterised by dark spots on aerial part of the plant, mainly leaves. Mahmood ul hassan have been found satisfactory for the requirement of the degree. The leaf spot or tikka disease cercospora arachidicola and cercosporidium personatum of groundnut arachis hypogea l. Conidia of cercospora arachidicola seen under foldscope. Tikka disease cause epidemics in all groundnut crop growing countries including united states, china, india etc. Ravindra meteorological office, pune 411 055, india, received 11 june 2002, modified 12 april 2004.
Avoidable losses up to 45 % due to tikka, up to 42 % due to rust and up to 60 %. The total area under ground nut is about 8 million hectares. It occurs in every state in india and in every ground of nutgrowing countries of the world. The formation and enrichment, the absorption of nutrients. Groundnut or peanut arachis hypogea botany study material. Nov 26, 2014 the groundnut leaf spots early leaf spot and late leaf spot commonly called as tikka disease cause nearly complete defoliation and yield loss up to 50 per cent or more depending upon. The demand for nutrients varies from peanut to maturity. Superficial fungal growth was scraped with blade and incorporated water. It occurs as well in almost all groundnut growing countries of the world. Tikka is a major diseaseaffecting groundnut and all its varieties in india. Forewarning of incidence of tikka disease on groundnut and. In india 1974, it has been reported from all parts wherever it is cultivated and causes loss to the yield at about 1560%. Most species have no known sexual stage, and when the sexual stage is identified, it is in the genus mycosphaerella. Chakwal, attock, jhelum and rawalpindi during main crop season in 2017.